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Weight loss surgery
is often seen as an "easy out" for people struggling with obesity, but it is
actually not an easy road to walk down at all. If you are severely overweight and
are considering surgery, there are some things to think about before setting the
surgery date.
The original use of weight loss surgery (often
known as bariatric surgery) was really not intended for weight loss at all.
The procedure was used to remove large ulcers from patient's stomachs, or to
prevent the spread of cancer from the stomach to other areas of the body. When
doctor's removed part of the stomach they happened to notice that weight loss
was a natural side effect. That is when some doctors started using the
procedure to help patients struggling with obesity.
In general, you
could be considered a potential surgery patient if you are 80 or more pounds
overweight as a woman, or over 100 pounds overweight as a man. This is a very
general guideline as only a qualified surgeon can really determine whether a
specific individual is ready for surgery. If you go for a consultation with a
surgeon they will review your medical background and give you a physical screening.
They are also likely to send you for mental screening to ensure you want the
surgery for the right reasons, are competent to go through the process, and can
adjust to nutritional requirements after surgery. Nutritional counseling is also
performed prior to and after the surgery.
Is Weight Loss
Surgery Right For You?
For many people who
seek surgery for weight loss, the risks of the surgery are not as scary as the
risks of living obese. Many are diagnosed diabetics or are at serious risk for
heart disease. Others may be suffering from gallstones, high blood pressure, and
cholesterol levels that are out of control. These health risks lead them to their
physician's office to talk about surgery because they do not want to live another
day with these health risks hanging over their heads.
Options For Weight
Loss Surgery
Although the
original type of weight loss surgery procedures are not still performed today,
there are two main kinds of techniques used for promoting healthy weight loss,
malabsorptive and restrictive surgery.
Through a
combination of eating less food because of one or both types of surgery while still
getting the right amount of vitamins and minerals, healthy weight loss is
definitely possible. Most all people lose weight rather quickly immediately
following these surgeries and continue to do so for up to two years or more
afterward, although most will regain some of those lost pounds with some even
gaining all or more back. Making an informed decision ahead of time and staying in
close communication with doctors and nutritionists or counselors can greatly help
to make the adjustment following weight loss surgery.
- Malabsorptive
Surgery: Commonly called gastric bypass surgery, this is the type of surgery most
people are familiar with. It is often performed simultaneously with some type of
restrictive surgery and the main goal is to reduce the amount of food that can be
held by the stomach at one time, thus the amount absorbed into the body. This is
accomplished by making the small intestine smaller and attaching it to the stomach
in a location that makes the stomach smaller.
- Restrictive
Surgery: This type of weight loss surgery is designed to completely remove a
portion of the stomach, or at least block part of it off so it cannot be used. This
is accomplished with a gastric band which makes the stomach smaller so only small
amounts of food can be consumed at one time.
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Every kind of surgery raises many questions, and
obesity surgery is no different because it alters the way the stomach digests
the food you eat. Many risks are involved with this type of surgery, but you
can have a successful surgery and achieve great results if you know what to
expect and what you need to do. Answers to some of the most frequently asked
questions about this type of surgery are below. They can help you go into your
obesity surgery with all your fears put to rest.
Which tests will I need before the surgery? The
tests which are necessary will vary from person to person, but the basic tests
include the following: chemistry panel, urinalysis, complete blood count, glucose
tolerance test, EKG and a chest X-ray. Women might require a vaginal ultrasound to
check for abnormalities. Some doctors like to do an ultrasound on the gallbladder
and some may ask for other tests, such as a psychiatric evaluation, pulmonary
function tests, a GI evaluation, an echocardiogram and, in some cases, a sleep
study.
Why do I need to have so many tests? There are
many tests that need to be performed in order to have obesity surgery. Many people
think that the amount of tests needed are not necessary but the fact is that your
doctor is trying to prevent any complications from arising both during and after
surgery. The surgeon will need to have an accurate assessment of your health and
your body so that they can do what is necessary for your particular
surgery.
You will need to steer clear of butter, gravy,
margarine and mayonnaise. It is also recommended that you stay away from all junk
foods. You will need to drink at least 2 to 3 quarts of water each day but be sure
to do it slowly and do not snack at all in between meals. Do not drink any flavored
drinks and be sure to drink your fluids slowly doing one sip at a time.
Will I need to be on a special diet after the
surgery? Absolutely. Your stomach will be unable to process the food you eat the
same way it did before your surgery. You will need to follow special dietary
guidelines very closely. Some patients may be put on a liquid diet immediately
following the surgery, and you might be one of them. When your body tolerates the
liquid diet well, you will be able to eat soft or semi-solid foods. Your stomach
might not be ready to handle solid foods for several months.
If you try to push yourself too fast with the
foods you eat, you might suffer from nausea and vomiting, or even diarrhea. You
never want to stretch your stomach and tear open the new stomach pouch your surgeon
created. When you begin eating solid foods you will only be able to eat two or
three small meals a day. Your protein will need to come from chicken, turkey, fish
and other low-fat sources.
Will I have any problems with hanging skin after I
lose weight? Yes, but you can do some things to minimize this problem, including
exercising every day after you recover from your obesity surgery. The standard
recommendation to keep your body in shape is at at least 20 minutes of aerobic
exercise every day. Some people may require an operation to remove excess skin
because their skin has stretched so much from being overweight for such a long
period.
Have a detailed discussion with your doctor about
every concern you have, so you know exactly what you can expect. There is a very
good chance you will have to go through counseling both before and after your
obesity surgery. The counseling will guide you through the entire process. It will
help you handle the surgery and know what will be expected of you to allow your
obesity surgery to succeed.
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